Identifying Major Depressive Disorder

We, as individuals sooner or later would feel low, shaky and now and then would not realize how to precisely portray what we feel session certain things. Frequently it is obscure to us that we are perhaps experiencing mind-set issue, we become unconscious of ourselves. Disposition issue are depicted by having wide swing of feelings; it ranges from profound gloom to outrageous fervor, thrill or rapture and tumult. There are really two types of state of mind issue; the first is sorrow and the other is bipolar separately. Lunacy is described by extreme as well as unreasonable sentiments of fervor and happiness, and wretchedness includes sentiments of uncommon pity and discouragement. Now and again wherein insanity and gloom meets up it is known to be bipolar, in which an individual with this issue would need to feel outrageous energy and profound pity all the while. At the point when wretchedness exists for a very long time it is called dysthymia. It is known to be comparable with significant sorrow however it is a drawn out confusion, it is mellow and not an intense (Dinsmoor., December, 2002). Indications of sadness The indications of sadness can be showed effectively in an individual. These indications are really different and it tends to be effortlessly perceived. An individual with a downturn would have the side effects of experiencing issues in dozing; they don't get their rest effectively in light of the fact that their brains are anxious and because of this they would feel focused or exhausted. It can likewise be the opposite way around; individuals with melancholy can likewise be perceived on the off chance that they rest exorbitantly. They would likewise free their craving and would normally free weight or they would do extreme eating and put on weight. It can likewise show in their exercises; individuals with despondency would free their fascination in their exercises that they do discover pleasurable. Significant melancholy issue can likewise accompany the loosing the hunger for sex or having sexual issues; it can likewise be joined by migraines. There is additionally the inclination of blame, sadness, defenselessness, uselessness and probably the hardest sign is that they find focusing on specific things excessively troublesome (Association, 2000). Is Katherine experiencing significant burdensome issue? Katherine has been encountering the manifestations occupied with the mind-set issue which is called significant burdensome issue, in which she frequently wishes she were dead, she feels pitiful throughout the day and cries a few times each day, she encounters upset rest and, subsequently, she feels exhausted throughout the day, she has positively no enthusiasm for sex or in any event, investing energy with companions, she discovers it amazingly hard to amass at work and simply wouldn't like to associate with individuals. On the off chance that these sentiments and wide assortment of verifiable changes are not prompted by liquor or any beverage that would cause her to feel down, on the off chance that they are brought about by a trouble in her capacities in her work or at home and on the off chance that they were not brought about by extraordinary distress I can offer a deliberate expression that Katherine is truly experiencing significant burdensome issue. Also, since Katherine has more than five of the side effects connected with significant burdensome issue I can say that she is truly experiencing it. Katherine should be dealt with while she is still in the beginning period of her downturn or while she despite everything can deal with her circumstance. On the off chance that she would not be quickly rewarded she may sooner or later make an endeavor to slaughter herself or end it all. Medicines for significant burdensome issue There are a few medicines for a patient who has a significant burdensome issue. There is psychotherapy or directing for individuals who have melancholy issue and there are different prescriptions or medications utilized in rewarding individuals who are harassed with this issue. Quantities of meds are utilized in the fix of significant burdensome issue, these really falls into the classification of antidepressants and are additionally sorted into a progressively specific medication or medication. Among the antidepressants are Tricyclic antidepressants or TCA’s which can really help wretchedness by expanding the neurotransmitters’ focus in the focal sensory system. Another is the Monoamine oxidase inhibitors or MAOI’s goes about as an operator in helping separate a specific synapse which would help manage the mind-set of an individual to get steady or ordinary. The third sort of upper is the Lithium carbonate which helps in lessening the exercises of the nerves in the mind; it changes the substance balance inside a specific nerve in the cerebrum. What's more, the last kind is the serotonin which helps in transmitting messages without intruding on the cerebrum science. Treatment for Katherine On account of Katherine she can be treated by utilizing both psychotherapy and medicine. I would utilize the relational and additionally social treatment on her for me to comprehend what set off her downturn. I have to have a foundation of her current connections; her relationship with her family, her relationship with her present beau, her relationship with her companions, her relationship with her officemates and her different connections. Furthermore, subsequent to having broke down her relationship designs I would concentrate on her present practices. I would have the option to realize what set off her current practices additionally by her past practices or the things that had really happened to her that may have added to her conduct now. Beside these two psychotherapy a few exercises may help in occupying Katherine’s feelings by urging her to attempt to include her self in exercises that would be pleasurable to her, such as conversing with a companion to discharge a portion of her feelings or going out with somebody who is reasonable and decent so she can appreciate and disregard her downturn. In her drug I would simply give her an energizer that would suit her since it may create additional difficulties on the off chance that I would give her unseemly medication. Psychotherapy and the utilization of medication would result to a more improved and fulfilling results as opposed to utilizing treatment or advising alone as well as just by giving prescriptions. It is extremely difficult to know whether somebody is experiencing a significant wretchedness since one probably won't notice the side effects immediately. The most significant thing is to allow ones self to know their self more. References Affiliation, A. P. (2000). Demonstrative and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. Dinsmoor., R. S. (Ed.) (December, 2002) Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Hurricane Group. [Electronic Version] Retrieved March 05, 2008 from http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/normal/norm/transform.jsp?requestURI=/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/mood_disorders.jsp   Â

Compliance Management System Advancement of Management

Question: Examine about the Report for Compliance Management System for Advancement of Management. Answer: Consistence Management System The consistence the executives framework is a strategy through which the storehouse revels the entire buyer quiet submission technique. It comprises of the quiet submission educational program likewise evaluating of the satisfaction reason, every now and then which is known as a self-appraisal to chip away at satisfaction audit. The consistence plan contains the strategy and occasions that help the laborers of their activities reminding the law and guidelines (Brigham Houston, 2004). The satisfaction check significance is singular avocation of an establishments trade marvel to choose the consistence plane for that framework with assurance of purchaser laws, just as the arrangements and techniques executed proficiently and effectively. Consistence Management Program Consistence the board framework software engineers must be chosen with singular errands and legitimization. The scale the technique of framework activity will set up the: The obligation, undertakings just as foundation, and responsibility held for the satisfaction official The second required to invest energy into the framework on consistence framework Prerequisite of more staff A composed diagram of congruity program Consistence Management Objectives To value the estimation of the similarity of the association identified with the technique through choosing The worth and productive way to deal with the administration towards oversight and organization to the administration of similarity framework. Controlling the approaches and techniques of the framework consistence program successfully. To keep in record the review of congruity projects to diagram the extent of the framework, its fitness also its individual duties (Daft, 1997). To choose the unwavering quality to have the option to be done on the satisfaction association conspire. To choose the degree of satisfaction, remaining of the framework, and probability in the exchange To give customer and CRA rating a record of rules. Component of a CMS An of utilization CMS is contain three commonly subordinate basics: Oversight of board and association framework Satisfaction plan of the framework Consistence review work Noble cause Care Noble cause care is a program for state-ordered and halfway that is supported by the express that permits uninsured or some underinsured individuals to profit care quietly at a less expense. Just individuals meeting with explicit salary and resource measures are qualified for get good cause care (Kotler, 2000). commitments mind is wellness care accommodate open or at a little cost close to diminished benefits patients. The proportion of private facility who are the length of gifts care drop from 76% in 1996-97 to 68% in 2004-2005.because of solid purpose behind the misfortune in change of clinical specialist perform example and developing progressively budgetary Spressure. Steps of actualizing Charity Care Ensuring the rule to give getting to the offices of clinical treatment against non-benefit association and the treatment before the conversation. Ensuring the limits are proper to strategy dependent on good cause. Building the proper degrees of the arrangement which is making a portion of the conclusions. Ensuring the capabilities of the projects applied to patients and they are qualified for it. At that point patients can follow whom to direct up. Ensuring the strategy to execute and method of it The arrangements of the office most have comparable charges for all. Consistence Program of Charity Care Arrangement and Events Arrangement and Events must: Remembering objective and techniques for the cause framework for sake of social affair those objectives Counting all the all together required implied for people to arrange the foundation care framework Evaluating and refreshing to manage natural changes Great planning of the association organization and group is critical to keep up an effective satisfaction plan of noble cause care. An of utilization satisfaction planning motivation of good cause care to get normally update with present and exact data on: Administrations of Charity care towards the patients Client security law and framework, inside approach and activities Choosing issue with respect to the Charity care Checking approach of Charity Care Screen is a methodical development to the framework to perceive techniques or some shortcoming in readiness exertion of the guidelines infringement (Robbins Coulter, 2005). Good cause care must enroll satisfaction official in the readiness, development, and fulfillment of industry recommendation to expand the triumph openings in screen the elements of framework. Checking aftereffects of Charity Care A successful control arrangement of Charity care watched the accompanying surveys: The outcomes and survey from the patients and the record for They have a productive record filling techniques Notice and appropriate notification accessible in the framework There are regular security laws and guidelines Outsider security administration accessible Giving updates consistently and reexamining the laws rule as often as possible to keep up the consideration office appropriately. Purchaser Complaint Response The framework is reacting to patients grumblings quietly Methods to set up the charges and afterward to deal with them with snappy reaction. A consistence official of Charity care is touchy of grievance set up and acting toward locate a snappy choice. Grumblings are assessed keeping in track consistence program arrangements. Good cause Care is meeting the accompanying rules to guarantee the best outcomes from its framework the executives. Noble cause Care implies free consideration where individuals get good cause in the wake of meeting the accompanying measures towards best outcomes. Giving assistance to the individuals who dont have protection inclusion for those administrations they request. Giving consideration that are beneath the protection inclusion and can't get a legislative assistance. Giving advantages to the individuals who are beneath pay the neediness level. Contemplations of Charity Care A specific conditions that the patient of Charity Care like to consider. Qualification of the patient relies upon the monetary help to the individuals and that to be maneuvered carefully proficiently Need is given to demands for care of nearby and territorial patients who require uncommon consideration Achievement activity of Charity Care The accomplishment of the framework to ensure their systems are clear and to the point and to enable the patients to reach to their degree of point by offering best help. A fair association with other co-accomplices to run the association is consistently the primary system to offer the help trade out of luck (Laudon, 2004). The assorted variety estimations of the business to react to the models and submit for a drawn out business by consolation and supporting those out of luck. What's more, the commitment on the correct side of offering the individuals what they anticipate from the administration and to decrease that grumbling reaction from the people with the goal that the association continues moving. The collaboration must be exceptionally capable and to be finished with specialists and leeway. An arrangement to accomplish the objectives with best approach gave and assurance against extreme activities will ensure improvement. References Declaration. (2002).Tourism Management,23(4), 433. doi:10.1016/s0261-5177(01)00102-9 Brigham, E., Houston, J. (2004).Fundamentals of money related administration. Bricklayer, Ohio: Thomson/South-Western. Buzeta, R. (1995).Advance confirmation in waterfront zone the board, 1995-1996. VinãÅ"æ'a del Mar, Chile: ICDEVCO. Foolish, R. (1997).Management. Fortification Worth: Dryden Press. Drucker, P. (1954).The act of the executives. New York: Harper Row. Kotler, P. (2000).Marketing administration. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Laudon, K., Laudon, J. (2004).Management data frameworks. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Robbins, S., Coulter, M. (2005).Management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Schermerhorn, J. (2005).Management. New York: J. Wiley. Stoner, J. (1982).Management. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.

Library and information science free essay sample

(Assignment), Department of Library and Information Science, University of Delhi, Delhi for his careful and master direction, valuable analysis, understanding hearing and big-hearted conduct all through my trial of the current research. I will stay thankful to him for his agreeable, helpful mentality, shrewd and learned advice that went about as an impulse in the fruitful culmination of my undertaking work. I might want to especially thank the Head of the Department ________________ (Name of the HOD) for giving me direction and motivation during my examination in the division. We will compose a custom paper test on Library and data science or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page I always remember the benevolent assistance reached out by the HOD. It be that as it may, impractical for me to overlook the sort of help gave by the employees, Professor (Mrs.) S. P. Singh, Dr. Shailendra Kumar, Dr. (Mrs.) P. K. Walia, Dr. K. P. Singh, Dr. (Mrs.) Meera, and Mr. Manish Kumar. I additionally pass on my gratitude to Department Library Staff for broadening their help in my investigation in the office. Finally however not least my companions in the office who merits a few expressions of much obliged. Section 3: Bibliography with Abstract gives total reference data about the different literary works utilized in the examination with legitimate conceptual as per Modern Language Association of America (MLA) Handbook for essayists of research papers, seventh release. Addendum I: Author Index with Abstract. This part manages the names of the creators identified with references gave in the Chapter-3 of the report for example Reference index with Abstract. All creators in the part are organized in sequentially. Addendum II: Title Index gives initially review of the titles of the articles utilized in the examination and organized in sequential order request. The writing study is directed for the period 20 . It incorporates the articles of diaries, which are bought in by the Central Library, University of Delhi, Delhi. An inquiry has been led on the footing â€Å" - (your subject related keywords†, â€Å" †, in LISA, Emerald, LISTA, Science direct, EBSCO and other database to finish survey of writing for the proposed examination, remembering scan for e-diaries sites. Notwithstanding above hunts, list of sources of diary article are surveyed for additional sources just as sites and counseled different prominent specialists. 1.5 METHODOLOGY For getting ready of this writing overview I have made a great deal of strides for gathering the articles about the (your theme name). First Sir/madam, informed us concerning the what is writing review and what are the means required for setting it up. He had given me the point †â€Å"(your theme name)† for the overview. I went to the division library and focal library for gathering articles from diaries on my appointed subject. I additionally counseled electronic assets for gathering articles, for example, emerald, [emailprotected] Infonet, Open-Jgate, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and so forth. After the check of the sections of the articles by the boss my last was the readiness of the report.

How to Get into George Washington University SAT and ACT Scores, GPA and More

Have you been watching old episodes of West Wing with more than a tinge of envy? George Washington University might be for you. If the name didnt already give it away, George Washington University is in Washington, D.C., and has an excellent reputation in political science (among other areas). Located near the State Department, GWs only a mile away from the Washington Monument—if youre a fan of the man, you cant beat the school for proximity! George Washington University is also known for its Greek system (about a quarter of students are involved), as well as its outdoor excursion programs. Are you a budding politico with a yen for sorority life and a taste for kayaking? Read on for more about George Washington University admissions and how to get into George Washington University, including George Washington University SAT scores and George Washington University ACT scores. Overview of George Washington University Admissions George Washington University SAT Scores (middle 50%)1280-1 women and 1,031 men. Theres definitely a strong female twist to the entering class, but this reflects the applicant pool. Another perspective on the class of 2023? Heres Costas Solomou, dean of admissions, on the individuals: This year’s class demonstrated tremendous passion for knowledge and drive for change, which will only strengthen our GW community in the coming years. George Washington University Other Admissions Requirements and Info George Washington University admissions uses the Common Application, which can be great news if youre applying to other institutions that use it! Make sure, though, that you complete any essays and information GW asks for on it. For example, GW asks for a supplemental writing sample—make sure you give yourself plenty of time to prepare! One important thing to note is that GW is test-optional. Unless you were homeschooled, go to a school that doesnt use a standard grading scale, are applying to an accelerated program, or are a recruited athlete, you dont have to submit SAT or ACT scores! However, if you do well on these tests, it can help your application to submit them, particularly if there are weaknesses in other areas of your app. FAQs Is George Washington University Ivy League? GW is not part of the Ivy League. If its your dream school, that can be a big plus—its significantly less competitive than the Ivy League schools. What majors is George Washington University known for? It may not surprise you to learn that social sciences is among the most popular majors at GW. Other popular majors include Business, Management, Marketing, Engineering, and Journalism (among others!). Does George Washington University have Early Action? It does not—but it does have Early Decision I (deadline in early November) and Early Decision II (deadline in early January) programs. The difference? Early Decision programs are binding, while Early Action programs are not. Does George Washington University do interviews? They dont, but each geographic area has its own admissions representative for GW, and you can contact them with questions. How to Get into George Washington University How to get into George Washington University? Plan early: make sure your Common App essays and writing sample are awesome; get your GPA and class rank as high as possible; and ask for great letters of recommendation. Submitting awesome test scores in the George Washington University ACT score range or SAT score range may also help (did you know that Magoosh has a 100-point SAT score increase and a 4-point score guarantee for the ACT?). Good luck!

Comparative and Superlative Forms Lesson Plan

The similarity of certain grammar structures, such as conditional forms and linking language, lend themselves to teaching in larger chunks, rather than focusing on one form at a time. This is also true of the comparative and superlative forms. Introducing both the comparative and the superlative simultaneously students can begin speaking about a wide variety of subjects in a more natural form that makes more sense contextually. The correct use of the comparative and superlative forms is a key ingredient when students are learning how to express their opinion or make comparative judgments. The following lesson focuses on first building understanding of the structure - and of the similarity between the two forms - inductively, as most students are at least passively familiar with the forms. The second phase of the lesson focuses on using the comparative and superlative forms actively in a small group conversation. Aim: Learning the comparative and superlative Activity: Inductive grammar learning exercise followed by small group discussion Level: Pre-intermediate to intermediate Lesson Outline Activate students awareness of the comparative and superlative by comparing three objects of your choice. For example, compare life in the US, the country where you are teaching and another country of your choice.Ask students questions based on what you have told them.Have students pair up and ask them to complete the first exercise on the worksheet.Based on their completion of the first task, ask students to give you the rules for the construction of the comparative form. You will probably have to point out that a three letter word following the CVC (consonant - vowel - consonant) form will double the final consonant. Example: big - biggerHave students complete the second exercise on the worksheet.Based on their completion of the second task, ask students to give you the rules for the construction of the superlative form. Make sure that students are aware of the similarities in construction between the two forms.Have students get into small groups of three to four and choose one of the topic headings for their group.Ask groups to then decide on three objects in the topic area to compare and contrast verbally.Have students write five to ten sentences based on their conversation using the comparative and superlative forms. It might be useful to ask them to write a specific amount of both comparative and superlative sentences. Exercises Read the sentences below and then give the comparative form for each of the adjectives listed.​ Tennis is a more difficult sport than Rugby.I think John is happier now than a year ago.Could you open the window, please? Its getting hotter in this room by the minute.interesting ___________weak ___________funny ___________important ___________careful ___________big ___________small ___________polluted ___________boring ___________angry ___________ Read the sentences below and then give the superlative form for each of the adjectives listed. New York has got to be the most exciting city in the world.His biggest desire is to return home.She is probably the angriest person I know.interesting ___________weak ___________funny ___________important ___________careful ___________big ___________small ___________polluted ___________boring ___________angry ___________ Choose one of the topics below and think of three examples from that topic, e.g. for sports, examples are football, basketball and surfing. Compare the three objects. CitiesSportsWritersFilmsInventionsCars

Teen Lovepression Teenage Love Depression - 1657 Words

A R Allones Timogtimog Word count: 1618 11222441 EC1 ENGLCOM (wc) Teen Lovepression Teenage Love Depression Have you ever felt so in love with someone that you never want to lose sight of him or her? Have you ever cried for that someone for weeks in your bathroom or in your bedroom with the music in max volume so that your parents cannot hear you? If yes, then you can relate to this essay s topic. If no, then get ready to learn about today s teenage love depression. Teenage love depression is something very common in our society. Many of our teens are getting into relationships because of various and sometimes odd reasons, and when their relationships fail, they get very depressed. This kind of depression is caused by many†¦show more content†¦Maybe years before, if someone asked me why I did such things, I would probably answer them because I do not want to hurt others but today I will say because I did not know what to do and I was not aware. My point in sharing this is that no one needs to do harm to him/herself because of lovepression. It is really not worth it and this is wh y I am writing this essay to inform teens and hopefully stop them from hurting themselves. Second of the effects is the loss of focus. People who get love depressed tend to sit in the corner and stare at the wall, ceiling or sky and ignore responsibilities given to them. This causes failing grades, family quarrel and failure in life that we should truly avoid. Lastly is the involvement to bad habits such as drinking alcohol, using drugs and entering gangs and frats. I have nothing against frats. I have nothing against frats and gangs but it is noticeable that most of their members are teens. Teens that are mostly mad at the world and some of them were love depressed people so that they could let their emotions out. Letting your emotions out is good but you need not to join gangs and frats. You could just tap an old friend or a family member and there you have someone that would listen and help. Drinking alcohol and using of drugs are just some of the

Planes of Development free essay sample

Learning skills outside of these optimal times is less effective and more difficult for the child. As educators, schools and parents alike, it is critical that we educate in complete harmony with these planes of development. These planes are interlinked. traditional education is based on assumption of linear development which can be explained with the help of following diagram, Maria Montessori compared these four planes with lifecycle of butterfly. . butterflies and moths have a complete life cycle. This means that there are four separate stages just like human being, each of which looks completely different and serves a different purpose in the life of the insect. The egg is a tiny, round, oval, or cylindrical object which turns into The caterpillar (or larva) which is the long, worm-like stage of the butterfly or moth. It is the feeding and growth stage. The third one is the chrysalis (or pupa) which is the transformation stage. The adult (or imago) is colorful butterfly or moth usually seen. It is the reproductive and mobile stage for the species. There is similarity between first and third pane and between second and fourth plane. uring first plane constructive formation of both physic and psychology of infant takes place similarily. fourth plane is also challenging physically and psychologically. during second plane the child has already adapt the environment and already has an attitude of ‘I want to do it myself’ he is more calm just as in fourth plane. these similarities and characteristics of each plane is explained in detailed with the explanation of each plane below. Infancy (0 6 years) This is the Plane of fundamental importance for the formation of the individual. The first plane extends from birth to around six years of age. During this period, Montessori observed that the child undergoes (to bear) striking physical and psychological development. The first plane child is seen as a concrete, sensorial explorer and learner engaged in the developmental work of psychological self-construction and building functional independence. Montessori introduced several concepts to explain this work, including the absorbent mind, sensitive periods, and normalization. The infant is fragile and need vaccines. there legs are short. there torso bulges. their skin and hair are soft . they builds up immune system. By the time of 2 years the child can sit, crowl, walk. His tooth appears. The moments of the child are very reflexive. His usual development takes place. The process of mylienisation of neurons take place because of mylienisation ausification, he ties to control over his arms legs. The infant from 0-3 is identified by Montessori as a Spiritual Embryo, as the infant has, within him/herself potentials, which determine his or her development. There exists within this inert being, a global power, a human creative essence, which drives her or him to form a human being of his or time, civilisation and associated culture. The ewborn child has to perform formative work, which corresponds in the psychological sphere, to the one just done by the embryo in the physical sphere. In this psycho-embryonic period, various powers develop separately and independently of each other i. e. arm and leg movements, sensory movements, language etc. At this stage, there is no unity in the personality. Montessori called the infant from 0-3 the unconscious creat or. here they have an unconscious absorbent mind. This is even called period of acquisition. At the age of three, a new consciousness appears clearly and fully. It is as though the childs life is beginning again, but this time as a conscious creator. it has a conscious absorbent mind here. The child now wants to master his or her environment and exercise his/her will. He is discovering sensorial exploration becomes a concrete thinker. The child wants to know ‘what’. The child is always busy doing something with his/her hands, guided by intelligence. The childs play is really work the child works for his/her own development. All the separate embryonic developments, which occurred from 0-3 years, must in the end, function together and become integrated so as to serve the individual personality. This is what is happening in the period for 3-6, when the hands are working, guided by the mind. When the environment offers motives for constructive activity, all energies concentrate together. With freedom to develop normally, we see the true personality of the child emerge. This is what Montessori called the Normalised child. During, and as a result of the process of normalisation, the child develops character quite spontaneously. Montessori identifies the period from three to six years of age as the embryonic period for the formation of character. Even ego is formed at the end of this stage. The child needs love, warmth, protection at this stage. Order the sense of security is utmost important. The child requires freedom to explore himself, But this freedom is to be given within limits. The child must be provided with an envoirnment full of rich diverse stimuli, purposeful activity experiences in order to help them to learn how to relate to others, to built self esteem self confidence to be exposed to life as it is lived in his culture participate in it to work by himself. Thus it is the adult responsibility to provide positive environment by having consistency in their behavior, giving respect assistancial approach to child. The adult should put forward good values morals should not provide any prejudices. The adult should be guide to child. CHILDHOOD ( 6 – 12 YEARS) This is a calm phase of uniform growth, and the one in which the abstract mind is organised. The childs mental and physical horizons open up; there is no limit to what the child can explore if the opportunities are there and conditions are favourable. During this phase there is a loss of milk teeth the new teeth emerges. The skin hair becomes thicker. The childs eye colour solidifies. The child losses rounded body figure. His arms legs become longer. His body becomes stronger thinner. He is more rough tough adventurous. His immune nervous system improves his head is proportionate. This is a period of sexual latency. For this plane of development, Montessori emphasized an expansive education, a vastness of culture, wider social contacts and the open environment. This child wants to explore the whole question of morality, and can, together with other children, build social groups that are organized with rules to be governed by and work to be done. This is a period of greatest acquisition of knowledge as it is rightly called the period of â€Å"WHY. † The capacity for expansion, abstraction imagination developes. The child is more concern with good/ bad has a strong sense of moral gestures. Reasoning begins in this period. He is less concern for his people has more self awareness. His need for order disappears he begins to be less sweet more rude. Herd instinct is the major characteristics in this phase. The child loves to be in the group. The child always has an â€Å" it’s not fair† attitude. In this phase the child would not like to be corrective. He loves to do more of group activities needs more wider social contacts cultural exposure. He wants his own material which can be manipulated on his own. They need more challenging activities don’t like to lose. The adults responsibility is to provide child with love, respect security. The adult should give child a chance to say his word. Adult should stick to true answers during the WHY questions. Adult should create a positive environment give him lot of exposure to be independent. The adult should acknowledge the child, bond with the child, should open the doors of communication.

The Modern KKK Essay Example For Students

The Modern KKK Essay Although the modern Ku Klux Klan, or KKK, is not the same group that terrorized African Americans in the late 1800s and early 1900s, they still have the same basic goals and ideas. There are many local and regional KKK groups such as the Oregon Knights of the Ku Klux Klan and the New Order Knights of the Ku Klux Klan. The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan is the national and largest organization, but the only one seeking a political agenda. They are the group that claims they are keeping alive the spirit and ideas of the original Klansmen. The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, or the KKKK, was formed in Louisiana in 1956. They have had many national directors, or Grand Wizards that led the group. The first Grand Wizard of the KKKK was former Louisiana State representative David Duke. Another notable Grand Dragon was Tom Metzger, who now heads a White supremacy group called the White Aryan Resistance. Today, the Grand Dragon of the KKKK is Pastor Thomas Robb. The KKKK claims that they are not racist, but rather they are racialist. This means that they do not necessarily hate any one particular race based on skin color, but they love the White race and have White pride. Most of their ideas are centered on this concept. Therefore, the first and foremost thing that the KKKK stands for is the White Race. They say that the White Race is the irreplaceable hub of our Nation, our Christian faith, and the high levels of Western culture and technology (Intro to the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan). The KKKK believes that the only way to achieve their goals is to have a United States with all White people living in it, and there should be absolutely no integration. We will write a custom essay on The Modern KKK specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Another thing that the KKKK stands for is America first. This means that they think the interests of the United States should be put before those of any other nation. It is basically a policy of protectionism because the KKKK also does not want any foreign influence or interests in the United States. Another aspect of the America first policy is that there should be a foreign policy of military non-intervention (Intro to the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan). The KKKK does not want to get involved with anything non-American.The KKKKs stand on foreign aid and trade relates to their America first policy. They believe that all foreign aid should be stopped immediately because while the United States tax dollars are being given to other countries, Americans themselves are still needy (The program). The KKKK believes that the money being spent on foreign aid should be kept within the United States and should be put into things like Social Security and Medicare. As for trade, the KKKK believes that NAFTA and GATT should be done away with because they take jobs away from American workers and will put millions upon millions into poverty (The program). Christianity is an important part of the KKKKs ideas and beliefs. In fact, one of the things that the KKKK claims is that the United States was formed as not only a White Nation, but as a Christian nation. They quote James Madison saying this about the founding of the United States on their web page (?The program?):We have staked the future of all our political institutions upon the capacityof mankind for self-government upon the capacity of each and all of us togovern ourselves, to control ourselves, to sustain ourselves according to theTen Commandments of God. .u53970258df343e0b5c50fd2482e40f58 , .u53970258df343e0b5c50fd2482e40f58 .postImageUrl , .u53970258df343e0b5c50fd2482e40f58 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u53970258df343e0b5c50fd2482e40f58 , .u53970258df343e0b5c50fd2482e40f58:hover , .u53970258df343e0b5c50fd2482e40f58:visited , .u53970258df343e0b5c50fd2482e40f58:active { border:0!important; } .u53970258df343e0b5c50fd2482e40f58 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u53970258df343e0b5c50fd2482e40f58 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u53970258df343e0b5c50fd2482e40f58:active , .u53970258df343e0b5c50fd2482e40f58:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u53970258df343e0b5c50fd2482e40f58 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u53970258df343e0b5c50fd2482e40f58 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u53970258df343e0b5c50fd2482e40f58 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u53970258df343e0b5c50fd2482e40f58 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u53970258df343e0b5c50fd2482e40f58:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u53970258df343e0b5c50fd2482e40f58 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u53970258df343e0b5c50fd2482e40f58 .u53970258df343e0b5c50fd2482e40f58-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u53970258df343e0b5c50fd2482e40f58:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Americanism Summary 4 EssayTherefore, the KKKKs views on abortion and homosexuality reflect those of the Bible. They are against abortion and believe it should be illegal unless the mothers life is endangered or the woman was raped or a victim of incest. And since the United States is a ?Christian nation? and the Bible is against homosexuality, there should be a national law against it. They also believe church and state should no longer be separated, making prayer in public schools legal. Because the KKKK is so heavily involved in Christianity, they often light a large wooden cross on fire at their rallies. They say that they are not desecrating the cross but rather they are illuminating it and the truth and the light of Christianity (Intro to the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan). The KKKK also believes that the White Race is being discriminated against. Their organization is based on the premise of equal rights for all, special privileges for none (Introduction to the Knights). Because of this premise, the KKKK is against all Affirmative Action programs. They claim that by giving the non-White minorities jobs and accepting them into college, Whites are being discriminated against. The KKKK considers this to be reverse racism.Among their other beliefs, the KKKK believes that the United States should cut off trade with countries that do not have strict environmental laws (one of their only liberal beliefs); military troops should be put on the borders of the United States to keep illegal aliens from entering the country; all of the anti-gun laws in the United States should be done away with so every American can protect himself or herself; the budget of the United States should be balanced; there should be a flat tax to contribute to the funding of community, s tate, and federal projects; and all those who can physically work should work (The Program). The KKKK has many ways that they spread these ideas and beliefs to the public. One of the easiest ways is to make themselves seen through public rallies and protests. Recently, the KKKK and other groups associated with the KKK have protested the Martin Luther King, Jr. holiday. They are against this holiday because they claim that Martin Luther King, Jr. was a communist and anti-Christian. Another reason the KKKK is against the holiday is because Martin Luther King, Jr. urged integration. The KKKK also stages rallies and protests outside of public courthouses. Since courthouses are well-known visible places, the KKKK knows that they will get media coverage and they can get their message out. This leads to another way that the KKKK thinks that they can get their message of White rights and White power out to the general public. Using the media to inform the public of your ideas is one of the easiest and most effective methods. The KKKK uses all forms of media to get their message out, including television, radio, and print advertising (?What is our goal?). However, the most common form of media that the KKKK uses is television. Members of the KKKK make their own videos talking about the White Rights movement, and what the KKKK stands for, etc. They then distribute these videos or play them on a public access television channel. The KKKK also prints and distributes its own literature. They print pamphlets among other things not only because they want the public to know about their beliefs and ideas, but they also want to let the public know who they are. The KKKK believes that the public thinks that its members are ?stupid, ignorant, backward, and hicks (Activity report). Even David Duke has written a book on his beliefs and experiences with the KKKK, called My Awakening (David Dukes Official International Web Site). .uf7eea0185c581f139ebefebfd0ee9cfc , .uf7eea0185c581f139ebefebfd0ee9cfc .postImageUrl , .uf7eea0185c581f139ebefebfd0ee9cfc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf7eea0185c581f139ebefebfd0ee9cfc , .uf7eea0185c581f139ebefebfd0ee9cfc:hover , .uf7eea0185c581f139ebefebfd0ee9cfc:visited , .uf7eea0185c581f139ebefebfd0ee9cfc:active { border:0!important; } .uf7eea0185c581f139ebefebfd0ee9cfc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf7eea0185c581f139ebefebfd0ee9cfc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf7eea0185c581f139ebefebfd0ee9cfc:active , .uf7eea0185c581f139ebefebfd0ee9cfc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf7eea0185c581f139ebefebfd0ee9cfc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf7eea0185c581f139ebefebfd0ee9cfc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf7eea0185c581f139ebefebfd0ee9cfc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf7eea0185c581f139ebefebfd0ee9cfc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf7eea0185c581f139ebefebfd0ee9cfc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf7eea0185c581f139ebefebfd0ee9cfc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf7eea0185c581f139ebefebfd0ee9cfc .uf7eea0185c581f139ebefebfd0ee9cfc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf7eea0185c581f139ebefebfd0ee9cfc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Love is worth the inevitable pain EssayPublic relations are another way in which the KKKK gets its message out and tries to improve their image. They do not hire a public relations company but rather they train their own Klansmen and Klanswomen to do the job. They go on television programs and radio shows to answer questions from reporters or from the public. Grand Wizard Thomas Robb frequently appears on radio, televised debates, and in documentaries. Another way that the KKKK uses public relations is that they give interviews to high school or college students working on reports. The KKKK wants to break into United States politics and the way they hope to accomplish this is through sleepers. A sleeper is a person who keeps his or her association with the KKK or the KKKK private. They then become involved with either the democratic or republican party. The KKKK does not immediately expect to gain any seats in the United States congress, so they start out small by winning seats as precinct captains or on state electoral committees (Activity report). This then paves the way for members of the KKK or KKKK to run for seats such as those in a state legislature. An example of this is former Grand Wizard and Louisiana State legislator David Duke. He was elected to the Louisiana House of Representatives in 1989. While a State representative, Duke was the Health and Welfare and Judiciary committees. He then ran from governor of Louisiana and received over 700,000 votes (Introduction to the Knights). Duke allowed media access to Klan rallies and appeared on many talk sh ows. Today, Duke is still involved with politics in Louisiana, as he is the chairman of the Republican Parish Executive Committee of the largest Republican county (David Dukes Official International Web Site). One of the methods that the KKKK considers the most important in getting its message out is by re-educating the educators (Activity report). They consider teachers one of the most effective tools in educating young White people about the White Rights movement. The KKKK designs workbooks for teachers to give them an accurate perception about the Christian foundation of education in the United States. These workbooks include information on the struggles White youth face today, how there is a war going on for the minds of White youth in the United States , and how the White youth are made to feel guilty about everything wrong in the world today. They want the teachers to teach their White students that it is okay to be White and proud. Another important and easy way that the KKKK gets their message out is through the Internet. It is very to obtain information on the Internet on any subject, and the KKKK is no exception. On web pages, the KKKK and other groups associated with the KKK can post their ideas and beliefs and anyone with a computer and modem can access it. The KKKK also has membership forms that their supporters can submit. KKKK merchandise such as T-shirts and hats are available on certain web pages as well. Because of advanced technology and the importance of politics in todays world, the KKKK and groups associated with the KKK can spread their message without using violence. The KKKKs ultimate goal is to obtain political power so they can implement all of their ideas and beliefs into laws among other things. The number of KKK-affiliated groups in the United States has grown and is no longer concentrated in the South. This makes the KKKK and other groups a real threat to society today.

Beach ErosionA Problem for All essays

Beach ErosionA Problem for All essays Living only a few miles from the great Atlantic Ocean, the beach is a place where I have spent many days of my life. I have watched tremendous storms with powerful surf and fierce winds eat away the shoreline. But, to society there is no cost comparable to beachs pleasures. It seems in the 1990s everyone wants that exclusive ocean view, but few realize the potential costs in lives, money, and property. And the ultimate cost of such coastal development, experts say, is the beach itself. (Warren, 1999, p.1) Many lives have been lost to erosion. From houses lost in the surf to giant waves crashing through town. A tragedy like this happened in Galveston, Texas. A hurricane hit this small town in 1990 and killed 6,000 people; a massive sea wall was then constructed to help prevent another tragedy like that from happening again (Nash, 1996, p.18). Erosion causes a higher percentage of damage to society then one might think, because nearly half of the countrys 238 million people live on only 11 percent of the nations landthe land in coastal counties (Nash, 1996, p.18). Erosion is very costly, do to efforts trying to prevent and or fix erosion. On the other hand, the beach also generates money from tourists. Contributing about 170 billion annually to the economy society can afford to fix the problem of erosion. In New Jersey the Department of Environmental Services installed the STABLERTM Disc Erosion Control System. Resembling a flexible chain of large concrete discs it has helped the erosion crisis in New Jersey (Public Works, 1997, p. 39). But, before long in New Jersey the state and all federal taxpayers will soon be shelling out $9 billion to pump sand from offshore areas onto 127 miles of sand-starved beaches (Warren, ...

Public Meeting Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Public Meeting Assignment - Essay Example Those in attendance would be the Township council members who would pave way for the meeting, and also members of the Stony Brook-Millstone Watershed Association. Members of public would be encouraged to join in the meeting to help come up with suggestions and issues that surround the town and what could be done to make it better. The cleanup would act as a way for all community members to be involved in collecting litter that has riddled the watershed streams and assist in keeping the water sources clean (EWT 1). In a bid to increase and also improve community relations, this exercise might set the bar for all members to come together to keep their community clean for future generations that were to come. Public discussion may have been done through the council’s website (EWT 1), which encourages feedback through the different channels that are available. These means of communication is seen as an improvement from the past which might have included a lot of public discussion or debate. Technological advances have assisted some of the states and their councils in carrying out their duties and tasks to the public. The public is more involved in the running and deliberation of issues that affect their daily lives. This is unlike in the past where a council that consists of members who might be after their own interests decides what happens, when it happens, and how it happens in the community. People have become more aware of their rights as a result of this, and people can form groups that aid in protecting their rights and freedoms. Politics in this local level of government may work toward protecting the rights of their citizens through the policies they put in place. (EWT 1). However, not much is done since the public may not always be involved in the growth and development process of the community. The technological phase that has gripped the whole world is getting into the political arena. This works toward creating a front in which young people are involved in the running of their community business. Social media and other forms of media are used to reach the public to alert them of the various activities that may be undertaken, which may require their involvement. This involvement forces the political field to listen to some of the proposals and issues that are raised by the public, and act on these issues. This entire front works to show of the democratic advancement the nation has taken in addressing some of the problems faced. Naturally in the past, it would be next to impossible to engage one on one w ith a political figure who was still in office. The measures in place work to promote a relationship between the political head and the people being governed. Issues can be heard and hearings created to cater to the situations that arise. A measure of devotion is also created once political figures see the response of the public (EWT 1). This acts as a show of trust the public may have placed on their leaders, and failure to respond on their part may mean that they are failing in their duties and responsibilities. In conclusion, the

Integrated marketing communication Literature review

Integrated marketing communication - Literature review Example An advertising message that highlights the unique capability of the Fiat 500 to upgrade to an electric car delivered on billboards outside of retail stores, on buses and outside of underground stations will present heightened consumer interest cheaply to enhance the effectiveness of the marketing communications mix. Moreover, communication of marketing information can be enhanced through the website for Fiat 500 through which more information can be delivered to the customers in the most convenient and interactive manner. Integrated marketing communication on the automobile will also involve images and messages on social media, electronic mail, print and broadcast media which communicated the same idea which aims at promoting the product to the customers in a convincing manner. Marketing communication is essential in the promotion of a product and integrating the promotional messages and images in all promotional tools provides the most effective way of creating an impact within the market. Every individual, business, company or organisation has a need to communicate, but it is important to remember that competitiveness and communication are highly correlated in the real world because without effective communication, it is impossible to convince others to buy (Pattuglia, 2011, Pp. 5 – 10) and (Percy, 2008, Pp. 5 – 10). This paper is a report on integrated marketing communication of Fiat 500 to the market which includes a situational analysis of the automobile, the objectives of the marketing campaign, tactics, actions taken, control and a marketing idea. According to the Automotive Design and Production (2011, p. 43), the performance of Fiat 500 has fallen below expectations and the target goals. For example in the third quarter of 2011, the company sold 21, 300 automobiles which is far less as compared to the 40, 000 goal. The decreased

Human Resources Management and Training Essay Example for Free

Human Resources Management and Training Essay A writing audit contains some basic rundown of key sources, yet it, for the most part, has a hierarchical example and joins both outline and mix, regularly inside particular reasonable sorts. A synopsis is an audit of the fundamental data of the source, however, a union is an improvement, or a rebuild, of that data in a way that illuminates how you are wanting to examine an exploration issue. The systematic highlights of a writing audit may: †¢ Give another clarification of old material or blend of new with old understandings, †¢ Trace the subjective improvement of the field, including principle talks about, †¢ Based on the circumstance, asses the sources and guide the peruser on the most reasonable or pertinent, or †¢ Usually, in the consummation of a writing survey, distinguish where defects exist in how an issue has been looked into to date. The reason for a writing survey is to: †¢ Place each work in the encompassing of its presentation to the comprehension of the exploration issue being considered, †¢ Describe the association of each work to the others under survey, †¢ Identify better approaches to clarify, and shed light on any defects in past research, †¢ Solving issues among as far as anyone knows nullification of past examinations, †¢ Point the path in dealing with a requirement for additional examination, and †¢ Discover your own particular discoveries inside the setting of existing writing. The writing survey which was utilized: †¢ Methodological Survey : This approach gives a structure of comprehension at various levels (i.e. those of hypothesis, substantive fields, investigate methodologies and information accumulation and examination strategies), empowers specialists to draw on a wide variety of understanding going from the applied level to useful archives for use in hands on work in the zones of ontological and epistemological thought, quantitative and subjective reconciliation, testing, talking with, information gathering and information examination, and helps feature numerous moral issues which we ought to know about and consider as we experience our examination. †¢ Argumentative Audit This shape analyzes writing specifically so as to help or disprove a contention, profoundly embedded figure, or philosophical blemishes effectively settled in the writing. The design is to build up a group of writing that sets up a contrarian perspective. Given the esteem loaded nature of some sociology inquire about [e.g., instructive change; migration control], contentious ways to deal with dissecting the writing can be honest to goodness and essential type of talk. Nonetheless, take note of that they can likewise present issues of predisposition when they are utilized to make rundown cases of the sort found inefficient surveys. †¢ Theoretical Audit The target of this frame is to inspect the corpus of the hypothesis that has aggregated with respect to an issue, idea, hypothesis, wonders. The hypothetical writing audit help builds up what speculations as of now exist, the connections between them, to what degree the current speculations have been explored, and to grow new theories to be tried. Regularly this shape is utilized to help set up an absence of suitable speculations or uncover that momentum hypotheses are insufficient for clarifying new or developing examination issues. The unit of examination can concentrate on a hypothetical idea or an entire hypothesis or structure.

Proprioception Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Proprioception: How and Why There are five common senses that are discussed and learned from an early age: sight, hearing, taste, touch, and smell. The I-function, the conscious part of the brain, is very aware of these senses. It voluntarily checks information obtained by these senses in order to experience the environment, and also when a strong enough stimuli has signaled attention to these specific receptors. There are other equally important sensory systems set up that are essential for normal body functioning, but these are not so easily recognized by the I-function because the nervous system keeps the input unconscious. One overlooked sense, known as proprioception, is as important, if not more important as the other senses, for normal functioning. Proprioception is "the process by which the body can vary muscle contraction in immediate response to incoming information regarding external forces," by utilizing stretch receptors in the muscles to keep track of the joint position in the body (1). Proprioception and kinesthesia, the sensation of joint motion and acceleration, are the sensory feedback mechanisms for motor control and posture. Theses mechanisms along with the vestibular system, a fluid filled network within the inner ear that can feel the pull of gravity and helps the body keep oriented and balanced, are unconsciously utilized by the brain to provide a constant influx of sensory information (2). The brain can then send out immediate and unconscious adjustments to the muscles and joints in order to achieve movement and balance. Why has the nervous system developed the sense of proprioception, and why is it an unconscious aspect of the sensory system? Proprioception, also often referred to as the s... ...tion seems to be one of the most complicated aspects of the brain. Was the I-function one of the last aspects to evolve in the human brain thus far? If so was it because the necessities for survival were accomplished by the species, proprioception allows movement and eating is instinctual to the brain? Why did evolution cause the human to develop the I-function? References 1)Proprioception, A simplified overview of anatomical structures and neurophysiological actions involved in joint stability. http://www.umds.ac.uk/physiology/mcal/posture.html 2)Mixed up in Space, An article concerning how the vestibular and proprioceptor systems react in space. http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2001/ast07aug_1.htm 3)Why can't this man feel whether or not he is standing up?, The story of one man's loss of proprioception http://www.apa.org/monitor/jun98/touch.html

Notes on Ecosystems

Topic 1: Ecosystems at Risk A. Ecosystems and Their Management 2. Vulnerability and Resilience of Ecosystems * Vunerability is the sensitivity of an ecosystem to cope with stress. * Resilience is the ability of an ecosystem (or a component of an ecosystem) to adapt to a changing environment and to restore function and structure following an episode of natural or human-induced stress. * All ecosystems function in a state of dynamic equilibrium or a continual state of balanced change. This state of dynamic equilibrium is the product of the interrelationship of the elements in the ecosystem: the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere.* Change occurs because the interrelationship between minerals, energy and communities varies over time. * It is also the interdependence of these four elements that makes an ecosystem vulnerable. * A change beyond the limits of the equilibrium, in any of these elements, means that the system as a whole cannot exist in its original state. All ec osystems are, in a sense, vulnerable, but the level of vulnerability depends on how small a change is needed in any element to upset the equilibrium. * Ecosystems, are therefore, not equally at risk – some are more resilient than others. Which ecosystems have greater resilience? Resilience is the ability of an ecosystem (or component of an ecosystem) to adapt to a changing environment and to restore function and structure following an episode of natural or human- induced stress.Ecosystems rich in biodiversity generally have greater resilience than those with little diversity. They are able to recover more readily from naturally induced stress (including drought and fire) and human- induced habitat destruction. 2. Under what conditions does long-term degradation occur? Long-term degeneration occurs when the magnitude and duration of the stress exceed the ability of the component to repair itself. 3. Explain the process shown in Fig 1. 1. 28. Figure 1. 1. 28 shows the impact of stress on the functioning of ecosystems.It shows the Elasticity and the rate of recovery of an ecosystem property following disturbance. It also shows the rate of amplitude and the threshold level of strain beyond. The intensity and duration of stress is important in terms of the effect it has on ecosystems. 4. Outline how natural sources of stress can play an important role in the functioning of ecosystems. These changes could be in response to changes in the availability of water, average temperature or many other natural events. In nature, these changes usually take place very slowly.The biome gradually adapts as animals and plant species that have characteristics unsuited to the change die out and those more suited the environment remains alive to breed and pass on their characteristics to successive generations. This process is known as natural selection. Causes of Ecosystem Vulnerability * All ecosystems have some ability to withstand stress. * They tend to resist being distu rbed or altered and will restore themselves to their original condition if not disturbed too dramatically. * In other words, ecosystems maintain themselves within a tolerable range of conditions. A number of factors are relevant to the vulnerability of ecosystems to stress, including location, extent, biodiversity and linkages. a) Location * Where an ecosystem is will affect its functioning. * At a global scale, latitude, distance from the sea, and altitude play decisive roles in determining climate and ultimately the nature of particular ecosystems.* The microclimatic features of a location can be significant enough to create a range of distinctive ecosystem types within relatively small areas e. g. aspect. * Some ecosystems are located in nvironments that are extreme e. g. deserts, polar, hypersaline lagoons. * Organisms capable of living in such conditions are highly specialised. * The greater the degree of specialisation of an organism to a particular set of environmental condit ions the more vulnerable it is to changes in those conditions e. g. coral * Corals are highly specialised organisms that flourish in the relatively shallow, nutrient-deficient waters of the tropics. †¢ * Any increase in nutrient levels promotes the growth of algae, which reduces the amount of sunlight available for coral growth. If high nutrient levels continue the corals become stressed, reefs contract in size and the number of coral species declines. * Coral is also sensitive to changes in water temperature, and flourish between 25 °C to 29 °C. * A small increase in the temperature can kill the coral polyp, leaving only the white calcium skeleton (coral bleaching).* Proximity to large concentrations of people is another important contributing factor to ecosystem vulnerability; demand for land grows as populations grow. Urban, industrial and agricultural land uses destroy natural ecosystems, while oceans, rivers and the atmosphere become dumping grounds for pollutants. b) Extent The extent (size) of any particular ecosystem is the product of a variety of factors. †¢ Recent research has shown that the boundaries of ecosystems tend to overlap each other. †¢ E. g. river ecosystems extended beyond the river channel to include the whole drainage system. †¢ Thus, human activity in the drainage basin can impact on the river itself even when it occurs some distance from the channel. E. g. may increase soil erosion †¢ A study showed that stoneflies and other creatures living in shallow wells on the flood plain of the river, up to 2km away from the river, mated along the riverbanks before returning to lay their eggs in the wells.†¢ This means the floodplain and the river cannot be considered as separate systems. †¢ Ecosystems that are restricted to relatively small areas or have already been distributed extensively are especially vulnerable †¢ Tropical rainforest, have relatively small populations of a large number of pecies confined to relatively small, localised communities †¢ Loss of small areas of rainforest can lead to extinction of plant and animal species †¢ Savanna grasslands, have large populations of a small number of species spread out over much larger areas †¢ Loss of a small area of grassland therefore need not result in the extinction of species. †¢ Large herbivores typical of these regions require extensive grazing areas†¢ c) Biodiversity Biodiversity is usually considered at three levels: genetic diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity. ) Genetic diversity – Genetic diversity is the variety of genetic information contained in all the individual plants, animals and micro-organisms †¢ Genetic diversity occurs within and between populations of species as well as between species. †¢ Genetic diversity favours the survival of a species, because it increases the chance that some members of the species will have characteristics that aid thei r survival †¢ Often a gene has costs as well as benefits †¢ A study has shown that peach potato aphids that are resistant to common pesticides are less able to survive ii) Species diversity – Species diversity is a measure of the number of species at each trophic level of an ecosystem†¢ The greater the species diversity the more robust the ecosystem †¢ If the population of one consumer organism crashers there are other producers available that can fulfil a similar function in the ecosystem †¢ When ecosystems are diverse, there is a range of pathways for the ecological processes, such as nutrient recycling †¢ If one pathway is damaged or destroyed, an alternative may be used and the ecosystem can continue to function at its normal level †¢ If the level of biodiversity is greatly diminished, the functioning of the ecosystem is put at risk †¢ The greater the level of diversity, the greater the opportunity to adapt to change †¢ Many di verse ecosystems are characterised by highly specialised organisms †¢ A species may be vulnerable even if the ecosystem as a whole is not †¢ iii) Ecosystem diversity – Ecosystem diversity refers to the diversity present within ecosystems in terms of habitat differences, biotic communities and the variety of ecological processes d) LinkagesInterdependence, or linkages, is related to species diversity †¢ The greater the level of interdependence within an ecosystem the greater its ability to absorb change †¢ The loss of a primary consumer from a food web, e. g. s unlikely to have a major impact on secondary consumers if there is a range of alternative primary consumers on which to feed †¢ Ecosystems that have low levels of interdependence are much more vulnerable to change †¢ Krill are the dominant primary consumer organism and the main source of energy for some species of whale †¢ Interdependence can take very subtle forms e. g. some flowering plants can be fertilised by only one species of insect †¢ Anything that jeopardises this third organism, therefore, will affect the reproductive success of the flowing plant †¢ Primary consumers have highly specific food sources, and many parasitic organisms depend on specific hosts †¢ The same characteristics can be exploited by humans in the biological control of pest species †¢ Large consumer animals may range across a number of small, localised ecosystems, having genetically adapted to the variations in all of them †¢ 1.Outline (using examples) how the level of interdependence within an ecosystem will affect its vulnerability. Interdependence, or linkages, is related to species diversity. The greater the level of interdependence within an ecosystem the greater its ability to absorb change. The loss of a primary consumer from a food web, e. g. is unlikely to have a major impact on secondary consumers if there is a range of alternative primary consumers o n which to feed. Ecosystems that have low levels of interdependence are much more vulnerable to change 2. Give an example of the subtle forms this interdependence can take. Interdependence can take very subtle forms e. g. ome flowering plants can be fertilised by only one species of insect. This insect may turn, be dependent on some other organism for part of its life cycle. Case study: Vulnerability of Minnamurra Rainforest The Minnamurra rainforest is a small pocket of rainforest located on the South Coast of New South Wales near Kiama.The extent, biodiversity and location of the rainforest all work together to make this a vulnerable ecosystem. It is located close to urban development and is surrounded by farms. This increases the levels of pollutants entering the system and has lead to significant weed infestation. Natural and Human-Induced Environmental Stress Ecosystems are constantly changing and evolving in response to stress-induced changes within the total environment. * Th ese changes may be brought about naturally e. g. drought, or may be human-induced e. g. deforestation. * Natural changes usually take place more slowly than human-induced changes and the biome gradually adapts as animals and plant species that have characteristics unsuited to the change die out, and those more suited to the new environment remain alive to breed and pass on their characteristics to successive generations (a process known as natural selection).* Sudden natural disasters have occurred from time to time which have caused whole species to die out almost instantly because they had no time to adapt, however this is rare. In contrast, human-induced changes are usually rapid and do not allow species to adapt. * The ability to instigate large-scale environmental change means that people are able to push the state of dynamic equilibrium beyond its limits. * This means that people have created situations where they are required to maintain a state of equilibrium by utilising re sources found elsewhere e. g. the use of fertilisers and pesticides to maintain an agricultural monoculture, which would collapse without them.* Today, human activities destroy or seriously threaten species and destroy or degrade their habitat. Changes affecting ecosystems by cause and rate |Catastrophic |Gradual | |Natural sources of environmental stress |Drought |Climatic Change | | |Flood |Immigration of new species | | |Fire |Adaptation/evolution | | |Volcanic eruption |Ecological succession | | |Earth Quake |disease | | |Landslide | | | |Change in stream course | | | |Disease | | |Human-induced sources of environmental stress |Deforestation |Irrigation- salinization, waterlogging | | |Overgrazing |Soil compaction | | |Ploughing |Depletion of ground water | | |Erosion |Water/air pollution | | |Pesticide application |Loss and degradation of wildlife activity | | |Fire |Elimination of pests and predators | | |Mining |Introduction of new species | | |Toxic Contamination |Overhuntin g/Overfishing | |Urbanisation |Toxic contamination | | |Water/Air pollution |Urbanisation | | |Loss and degradation of wildlife activity |Excessive tourism | a) Natural environmental stress * Some natural sources of stress can be catastrophic and cause very rapid change e. g. droughts, floods, fire, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, landslides, disease, tsunamis and cyclones.* Most natural sources of environmental stress are more gradual and do allow species to adapt e. g. climatic change, immigration, adaption/evolution, ecological succession, disease, geographical isolation. Climate change was thought to be the reason behind the extinction of the dinosaur. * Ecological succession involves one species gradually taking over an environment from another as circumstances within the environment change e. g. as a climate becomes drier, drought-resistant species will gradually take over. Some of the effects of environmental stress Organism Level Physiological and biological changes Psychol ogical disorders Behavioural changes Fewer or no offspring Genetic defects in offspring Cancers Population Level Population increase or decrease Change in age structure Survival of different genetic strains based on stress threshold Loss of genetic diversity ExtinctionCommunity-ecosystem level Disruption of energy flows -Decrease or increase in solar energy uptake and heat output -Changes in trophic structure in food chains and webs Disruption of chemical cycles -Depletion of essential nutrients -excessive nutrient levels Simplification -reduction in species diversity -reduction or elimination of habitats -less complex food webs -possibility of lowered stability -possibility of ecosystem collapse Case study: Mt. St. Helens volcanic eruption 18th may 1980 at MT st Helens Washington state. A large volcanic eruption disrupts the natural order. New populations of flora and fauna were beginning to colonise the harsh environment.The new ecosystem formed and the process of regeneration was observed as the organisms with enough resilience survived and repaired. b) Human-induced environmental stress * People play a role in maintaining or disturbing the dynamic equilibrium of any ecosystem. * The impacts of human activity have a global dimension, operating within the context of an interdependent global environment. * Global co-operation is needed to address the threats to the world’s biophysical environment. * The causes of environmental degradation in today’s world include: – massive population growth – developing world poverty and the crippling burden of debt – non-sustainable agricultural practices in many countries environmentally damaging industrialisation and exploitation of natural resources, especially in poor countries struggling for export earnings* Each of these issues need to be effectively dealt with if humans are to combat environmental degradation. * Human threats to biodiversity include: – species introductions à ¢â‚¬â€œ habitat destruction – hunting/trade in animal products – pollution * The World Conservation Union’s analysis of animal extinctions since 1600 found that 39% resulted from species introductions, 36% from habitat destruction and 23% from deliberate extermination. answer the questions from the information on page 32-33 1. Outline the history of human-induced change. Humans have induced change in ecosystems since very early days in their evolution.The effects have been either caused intentionally or inadvertently. eg: Aboriginals burnt bushland to aid in hunting as well as inadvertently promoting growth and shaping the Australian bushland through natural selection promoting growth. 2. Outline how humans have simplified natural ecosystems and what this has resulted in the need for. Humans have been shaping ecosystems for their benefit. In this process the useful parts of the ecosystem have remained and the other parts have changed or died out. This process ha s also simplified the ecosystem in some cases making it unable to support itself. Eg crops, farms require money and time for upkeep. 3. What is the great environmental challenge for humans?The great challenge that humans face with their environment is to maintain a healthy balance between simplified ecosystems and neighbouring complex ecosystems. 4. Outline the ways in which humans modify natural vegetation, and the ability of the affected ecosystems to recover in each case. Human induced change can be either intentional, inadvertent or a result of negligence. The changes made can result in complete ecological destruction but occasionally the ecosystem can adapt due to its resilience and survive with the change. The Nature of Human-induced Modifications – Human-induced modifications to ecosystems may be either intentional or inadvertent. – In some cases they are the result of negligence on the part of people. i) Intentional ecosystem changeHumans bring about intentiona l ecosystem change for human benefit. An example of this can be found in the aboriginal burning for easier hunting or simply clearing land and producing food from crops or livestock. ii) Inadvertent ecosystem change ? These are changes that are not intended, but occur indirectly as a result of human activity. ? Meeting the needs and wants of humankind and a rapidly increasing human population will inevitably bring about large-scale environmental change. ? Unlike other species, humans have the ability to transfer resources from one region to another and to modify ecosystems in order to sustain continued population growth.Examples of human activities and the inadvertent effects they have include: Farming – Reduction of biodiversity, destruction of habitats, soil erosion, introduction of harmful pesticides killing native flora/fauna. Urbanisation- Total destruction of habitat, fragmentation of habitat destruction of ecosystem linkages, Increased pollution affecting surrounding e cosystems, Destruction of ozone o3 layer through use of cfcs iii) Ecosystem change caused through negligence People sometimes cause environmental change through negligence. Some of the more notorious examples of humanity’s failure to protect ecosystems at risk are the: ? Explosion of the reactor at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in the Ukraine ?Minamata children being poisoned by mercury accumulated in the food chain ? Grounding of the Exxon Valdez in Prince William Sound, Alaska which caused widespread environmental destruction Consequences of human-induced changes . Human induce change is occurring worldwide in ecosystems. . The magnitude and rate of change is closely linked to human population size. . Salinization and desertification are two large scale problems with deforestation a major cause of ecosystem destruction through change. . Almost 11 million ha of land is degraded each year. Takes between 100 and 250 years for topsoil to build up in an area, can be destroye d in less than 10 by human activity.

Prostitution Is Being An Unworthy Profession - 1914 Words

An age old profession known as prostitution paints the history of virtually every culture dating back to the cultivation of each society. Throughout the years the stereotypes of these women who identify themselves as a prostitute has changed from one of respect to one of disgust. One thing remains constant the motivation that drives someone to choose a lifestyle where the body, in the eyes of many religions is a holy temple, to be repeatedly used. When looking at the purpose of prostitution from the view of the prostitute majority of the time survival played a key role in the decision making of the women. Prostitution can be defined as â€Å"the practice or occupation of engaging in sexual activity with someone for payment†, some may even add the labels of unworthy and corrupt to this occupation. My question is what exactly qualifies prostitution as being an unworthy profession to engage in. As of now Nevada is the only state in the United States to allow some form of prostitu tion while the forty nine other states still have outlawed it completely. I have researched and decided there are no valid arguments that justifies prostitution to be illegal. There are those who claim that a form of oppression is through prostitution. This is being unjustly treated or controlled, by understanding this you’ll start to question isn’t telling a woman if you partake in prostituting you are now a criminal and must be treated like one is true oppression. We are taking away the control a womanShow MoreRelatedCauses and Effects of Prostitution757 Words   |  4 PagesA. Prostitution in the Philippines 1. 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